Eksploration of Bacteria Associated with the Soft Coral Lobophyton sp. as Probiotic Candidate to Control Vibriosis

Disease is now considered to be the limiting factor in aquaculture. Often it caused great financial loss. Disease can cause mortality, cretinism, longly maintain period, highly feed convertion, lower density and decrease of productivity. Disease can be caused by pathogen organism such as protozoa, bacteria, fungi and virus.

Vibriosis is one of bacterial disease caused by vibrionaceae family, the effect of the attack is massive. So far, disinfectants and antimicrobial drugs are used to treat this disease. The continous use of antibiotic to treat this disease is causing resistancy at pathogen bacteria. They can transfer their resistance genes to other bacteria that have never been exposed to the antibiotic. Probiotic is a necessary developed alternative to treat vibriosis. The result of this tecnology is a safe product to consumer because it does not contain chemical residue that is dangerous to our health.

The aim of the research was to explorate bacteria associated with soft coral Lobophyton sp. as probiotic candidate to control vibriosis that caused by pathogenic bacteria.

This research was done at June-September 2004 in Microbiology Laboratory and Processing Laboratory of Marine Science Department, Teluk Awur, Jepara, whereas the identification of bacteria was held in Pest and Disease of Fish and Shrimp Laboratory BBPBAP Jepara. The sampling of the soft coral Lobophyton sp. was taken in Panjang Island Waters Jepara. This research uses experimental laboratories methode. Data was analyzed by descriptive and Anova.

Based on this research, 15 bacterial isolates has been obtained and seven isolates (A, B, E, F, J, K and O) selected as probiotic candidates. Isolate bacteria with B code was the best candidate because it can inhibit three tester bacteria and it was identified as V. splendidus. Bacteria with J code (V. marinus) can increase survival rate of shrimp, and the other candidates decrease the survival rate, but Anova test showed no certain difference, so they can still be used as probiotic candidates. Bacteria with E and F code identified as V. pelagius II. Mix culture probiotic recomended to control vibriosis are between V. splendidus and K isolate bacteria or between V. splendidus, V. pelagius II, V. marinus and K isolate.

Keywords: bacteria isolate, disease, vibriosis, probiotic, Lobophyton sp.

Author: Muhammad Najib Habibie
Advisors: Subagiyo and Wilis Ari Setyati

Bioaccumulation Level of Heavy Metal Pb (Lead) in Soft Tissue of Mangrove Cockle (Polymesoda erosa).

Mangrove cockle (P. erosa) is one of the Segara Anakan resourches. This cockle live in ecosystem of mangrove forest with salinity fluctuation and high level acidity. This cockle can be found in Mimika, Papua and Segara Anakan, Cilacap. The used of Mangrove cockle is as an alternative food substance which have high economic value was threatened by heavy metal polluted in their ecosystem that finnally dangerous for human being.

The aim of this research is to know about bioaccumulation level of heavy metal Pb (lead) in soft tissue of Mangrove cockle (Polymesoda erosa) which come from Segara Anakan Kab Cilacap. The research was held from 4th September 2006 until 11st October 2006 in Centre Laboratory, Marine Science Department, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang. Sediment analysis was conducted in Civil Engineering Laboratory, Diponegoro University. The number of heavy metal was analyzed in Semarang Growth Centre Laboratory. Experimental method was applied in this research. Cockle was kept in water which content Pb (Lead) with concentration 1 ppm, 10 ppm, and 20 ppm. The data obtained were cockle biometry, water parameter, Lead concentration in water, and Lead concentration in soft tissue of Mangrove cockle. Then the data were analyzed using factorial pattern with two predictor variable that is time and concentration.
The result showed that early concentration of cockle sample is 0,0061 ppm, water concentration and sediment concentration from sampling location, each <0,0001 ppm and 11,228 ppm. The number of organic matter at station 1, station 2, and at station 3 each 0,0739 gr, 0,0927 gr, and 0,0775 gr. After three weeks, cockle concentration increased. Maximum average of increasing have occurred from cockle in water with 20 ppm Pb (Lead) that is 0,03269 ppm and Minimum average have occurred from cockle in water with 1 ppm Pb (Lead) that is 0,00483 ppm. But, control cockle which be at free Pb (Lead) water, happen degradation concentration equal to 0,000575 ppm.

Keywords: Polymesoda erosa, bioaccumulation, concentration, Pb.

Author: Johan Danu Prasetya
Advisors: Dr.Ir. Ita Widowati, DEA and Ir. Jusup Suprijanto, DEA.